Examining into antiquity, we find that the Sovereign Yao was named Fang Xun. He was reverent, enlightened,
accomplished, sincere and mild. He was truly respectful and knew how to
yield. He extensively possessed the four outer limits of the world, reaching
above [to heaven] and below [to earth]. He was able to make bright his exceptional
virtue, so as to strengthen the bonds among the nine clans. When the nine
clans had become intimate, he brought together and distinguished the hundred
families. When the hundred families had become brilliant, he harmonized
the ten thousand states. The black-haired people thereupon were satisfied
and at peace.
"Extending
virtue from the self to the world"
Thereupon he ordered the Xi and He reverently to conform themselves
to august heaven, to calculate and plot the sun, the moon, the stars and
the celestial houses, and respectfully to submit a calendar for humankind.
What is a "calendar for humankind"?
He particularly ordered the Second Brother Xi to dwell
in Yuyi, at the place called Sunlit Vale, solemnly to receive the rising
sun as his guest, and to arrange and put in order the works of the East.
With the sun at its height and lodged in the constellation Niao: this he
fixed as the time of mid-spring, when the people disperse [from their winter
retreats] and the birds and beasts copulate.
Moreover he ordered the Third Brother Xi to dwell in the
Crossroads of the South, to arrange and put in order the deeds of the South,
paying due respect to the summer solstice. With the bright day at its longest
and the sun lodged with the Firestar: this he fixed as the time of midsummer,
when the people live in the fields [rather than in their villages] and the
birds and beasts are thin of hide.
He particularly ordered the Second Brother He to dwell
in the West, at the place called Darkling Vale, respectfully to bid farewell
to the setting sun, and to arrange and put in order the accomplishments
of the West. With the night being of medium length and the presiding constellation
Xu [Emptiness]: this he fixed as mid-autumn, when the people are at rest
and the beasts have glossy hair.
Moreover he ordered the Third Brother He to dwell in New-Moon
Quarter, at the place called Fort Obscurity, to arrange and preside over
the vanishing of the moon and the changes from one moon to the next. When
the days are short and the Pleiades are the presiding constellation: this
he fixed as the season of midwinter, when people live in burrows and the
birds and beasts have bushy coverings.
The sovereign said: "Ah! Xi and He! The year has three hundred,
sixty and six days. With an intercalary month, determine the four seasons
and complete the year. Zealously urge on the hundred types of workers, and
all our achievements will be splendid."
The sovereign said: "Who will carefully bend his efforts
on my behalf? I will raise him and make him my official." Fang Qi said: "Your son and heir, Zhu, is enlightened."
The sovereign said: "Alas! He is deceitful and quarrelsome; can such
a man be called to office?"
The sovereign said: "Who will devote himself to the
execution of my affairs?" Huan Dou said: "Indeed, Gong Gong
everywhere has displayed and demonstrated his achievements."
The sovereign said: "He speaks with a quiet demeanor, but his actions
are contrary. His appearance is respectful, but [his arrogance] swells up
to Heaven."
The sovereign said: "Ah! You [Officers of the] Four
Peaks!
Who
were the Officers of the Four Peaks?
On all sides the roiling waters endanger us, hugely they
rise to swallow up the mountain tops and obliterate the level ground, vast,
vast, they swell up to Heaven. The common people sigh. Is there anyone to
whom I could entrust this task?" Everyone answered: "Oh, it must
be Gun!" The sovereign said: "Alas! Not him! He disobeys my
orders and turns the members of his family against one another!" Yue
[one of the officers of the Four Peaks] said: "He is not like other
men. Try him, and if he does well, employ him." The sovereign [then]
said [to Gun]: "Go and be reverent!" [phrase used when commissioning
an officer].
After nine years of employing Gun, the work was still not
complete. The sovereign said: "Ah! You of the
Four Peaks! I have reigned for seventy years now. If you can bear the Mandate
of Heaven, I wish to vacate my position."
What
is the Mandate of Heaven?
Yue said: "I lack the virtue to occupy your lofty seat."
The sovereign said: "Either add to the fame of one who is already illustrious,
or raise one who is cast aside and humble." They all, acceding to the
sovereign's wish, said: "There is a lowly unmarried man called Shun of Yu." The sovereign said: "Ah? I have heard of him.
What is he like?" Yue said: "The son of a blind man, with a stupid
father and a quarrelsome mother and an arrogant brother named Xiang, he is nonetheless gentle and filial. He has controlled himself
and not come to wickedness."
The sovereign said: "I will try him; I will give him
my two daughters to wife, and observe his behavior towards them." He
made arrangements and sent his two daughters down to the bend of the Gui
river, to be wives in the house of [Shun of] Yu. The sovereign said [to
them]: "Be reverent!"
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